Wednesday, November 8, 2006

Sugest The Cllage Festname

Videos by artists of the twentieth century

video creations of the avant-garde artists of the twentieth century . In this site can download them for free his works. AVI or. MPG. A good video library for anyone who wants to enter the world of video art.





Artists: Vito Acconci



Erik Anderson Robert Ashley Beth B

John Baldessari

Otmar Bauer Samuel Beckett David Behrman

Joseph Beuys
Jorge Luis Borges Walerian Borowczyk

Stan
Brakhage George Brecht, James Broughton

Luis Buñuel
Robert Breer Gunter Brus

William S. Burroughs John Cage

Alexander Calder John Cale

Peter Campus
According to Henri Chopin Chomón
Cinema of Transgression


Carlfriedrich Claus Rene Clair Jean Cocteau

Merce Cunningham Guy Debord

give
Maya Jean-Marie Drotar
Marcel Duchamp
Viking Eggeling
Ed Emshwiller
Harun Farocki Jean Epstein


Flux Films Richard Foreman Terry Fox

Alberto Giacometti
Paul Glabicki
Philip Glass
Jack Goldstein
Groupe Medvedkine
Helmut Herbst Piero
Heliczer
Henry Hills
Abbie Hoffman
Isidore Isou
Ivens
M Henry Jones, Mauricio Kagel

Richard Kern
Raashan Roland Kirk
Dimitri Kirsanov
Paul and Marlene Kos
Kurt Kren
Jerzy Kučiai
Jacques Lacan

George Landow Fernand Leger John Lennon

Alfred Leslie
György Ligeti Alvin Lucier

Willard Maas, George Maciunas

Gregory Markopoulos Toshio Matsumoto


Paul McCarthy Marie Mencken, László Moholy-Nagy

Jon Moritsugu Robert Morris

Mouris
Frank Otto Muehl Gordon Mumma

Mathais Muller, Bruce Nauman

Phil Niblock Hermann Nitsch

Pauline Oliveros Yoko Ono

Nam June Paik Charlemagne Palestine

Artavazd Pelechian
Kembo Pfahler

Robert Rauschenberg Man Ray Hans Richter


Terry Riley David Rimmer
Donald Ritchie
Jeri Cain Rossi Walter Ruttmann

Aram Saroyan Carolee Schneeman

Richard Serra

Jack Smith Kiki Smith Robert Smithson

Ladislaw Starewicz

Ralph Steiner Jerry Tartaglia Shuji Terayama

Robert Watts
David Wojnarowicz
Stan Vanderbeek Agnes Varda


Ben Vautier Edgard Varese & Le Corbusier Dziga Vertov

Rene Vienet
Zubi Zuva

Tuesday, November 7, 2006

6v/4ah Battery Charger Circuit

Franco: That Great Man

Pathetic, ventriloquist, speaking English in private.
here talking to José Luis Moreno:

here talking as José María Aznar:

Black And Decker Charger Circuit Diagram

Curiosities psychological

There are people who can not forget, there have been reports of people able to remember almost any data or experience an event with only time. These are cases of prodigious memory, which generally involve a tragedy for the sufferer. Forgetting is necessary for our minds evolve.
The ancient Romans when they had to tell the truth in court, instead of swearing on the Bible as at present, they did squeezing his testicles with his right hand. Of this ancient custom comes from the word witness.
The hormone corticosterone, which is secreted in moments of anxiety, is responsible for the sudden loss of memory. This hormone blocks the retrieval of information up to an hour after giving the tense situation. This would explain, for example, that some students are blank on tests. When calm, the brain retrieves the data.
Half of gifted children in the studies fail
Some 8 percent of children in our country have depression and 40 percent suffer from stress.
The brain weighs an average of 1,380 grams and 1,250 men and women. Contains about 100,000 million neurons, approximate number of stars in our galaxy. And its nearly 100 trillion interconnections in series and in parallel provide the physical basis that allows brain function.
70% of the mentally ill are unemployed. The employment rate after discharge is between 10 and 30%, only 10 to 15% maintain their work between 1 and 5 years after discharge. Unemployment is a major index of disability, so that this situation underscores the isolation and stigmatization of the mentally ill in our society.
There are several types of amnesia, retrograde amnesia is the rarest but the most cinematic, it concerned no longer remembers his life before the injury. In contrast, in anterograde amnesia, the most common and severe, the patient remembers the past but can not learn anything new.
There are many other abnormalities of memory, such as prosopagnosia, or inability to remember faces, the déjà vu feeling of having lived something, or hypermnesia, which would point out different things in detail. A classic case of the latter, the psychiatrist referred by Taine, is the illiterate maid reciting (not yet understand) whole paragraphs in Latin, Greek and Hebrew listened to an uncle as a child. Another case of extraordinary mnemonic ability is the Russian reporter Solomon Veniamin, who could learn in seconds and repeat without error, from top to bottom and diagonally huge lists of numbers and words. And the most incredible, weeks, months, even years later, reproduced exactly.
In the year 500 BC C. the Greek poet Simonides of Ceos devised the "points system" to remember the plight of some people. Simonides was at the banquet when he missed short, saving and of being killed by the collapse of the roof, and was the only one to recognize the mangled bodies of those guests to remember where they were sitting. Fakir
A true teacher can do much more spectacular things to bear laying punctures on his bed of nails, although they seem less dramatic. You can, for example, make half of the palm of your hand to warm more than ten degrees the other hand, can stop your heart for a certain time, or reduce their vital signs at least into a state similar to the hibernation of some animals.
The first psychiatric hospital history was built in Baghdad in 792.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, was interested in his youth about drugs, specifically investigated the properties of cocaine. He took the drug in small doses and making self-observations on the effect exerted on hunger, sleep and fatigue. This investigation lasted three years (from 1884 to 1887) and Freud wanted to make a breakthrough in the field of clinical or pathology, but it was not. At first he was fascinated by the fact that cocaine raised the mental and physical vigor, without, apparently, any ill effects. But soon began to appear in medical journals of the time that prolonged use of cocaine could produce a "delirium tremens" very similar to alcohol. The young Freud wanted to benefit humanity with their research and make a name, was accused of having caused a new disease. He also had a painful experience, because believing that cocaine was safe, had prescribed a large amount to a patient who died of it.
The human brain is the one that has more folds of all living things, so if you desplegáramos would be approximately 2 meters, while that of a gorilla, everything and weigh almost the same, to deploy only a quarter of that measured the man.
woman's voice causes depletion in the male brain. According to Professor Michael Hunter, University of Sheffield (UK), the tone of the female voice has more complex sounds than men, so making the entire listening area of \u200b\u200bthe male brain, while the man's voice occupies only subthalamic area. Hence, in many cases, women complain that famines do not listen, because what they do is "disconnect" for a reason purely physiological.
nerve stimuli within the brain are transmitted through neurons, at a speed exceeding 400 kilometers per hour.
Each neuron is responsible for communicating with hundreds or even thousands of neurons in their environment. If placed in a straight line all the neurons in our nervous system would have an area of \u200b\u200bseveral hundred kilometers.

What Are Hazards- Worksheet



is a comfort, to review our unfortunate history, rich in traitors corrupt, incompetent and evil, meet the angry French who walked the seven seas freeing slaves, he dreamed of rescue Napoleon from his forced exile in St. Helena and was master of California for five days, covered in blue and white flag . A gripping story that has nothing to envy to the exploits of Sandokan, the Red Corsair, Captain Jack Aubrey and Blood. At the approach!

The part of a revolution

The first months of the revolutionary governments of Buenos Aires were very difficult. Only on the waterfront, they faced the mighty fleet that controlled the river de la Plata from Montevideo (in fact, Buenos Aires was blocked and bombed in 1811). The first and improvised armed country, entrusted the command of Juan Bautista Azopardo Maltese sailor, had been destroyed in San Nicolas at the beginning of this year. The chief himself was taken prisoner, and spent the next ten years in a English prison.

The absence of a marina, and the proposed issuance of Fernando VII decided to reconquer the rebellious rioplatenses to grant letters of marque to adventurers of various nationalities. The above issue would end invading Venezuela and New Granada, but just continued on with the idea.

What is a Patent Corso?

The parade was then considered a legitimate way of fighting (1). With some cynicism, one might say that allowing private enterprise to participate in a war, coupled with a belligerent state. The British used it for centuries against their enemies, particularly Spain, and the Americans gave the Perfidious Albion a bit of his own medicine during the war of 1812-1814. Upon completion of this conflict, many Baltimore-based pirates continued in business through patents a nation that had not been nor would ever, the United Provinces of Río de la Plata.

The letter of marque was a contract whereby a State gave an individual the right to attack, seize, plunder or destroy any vessel flying an enemy flag, in exchange for allowing them to stay with some of the booty. Sometimes the country issuing the patent brought the ship, or at least supplies, food and some of the crew, the pirate (or owner) should bear the remaining costs. The campaign did not usually last more than a year, after which you must return the goods entrusted to the government, and deliver arms and ammunition collected in the catch at sea.

In case of shipwreck, the Corsair was relieved from any refund. Should keep a record of what happened in the campaign, as was hoisted at the time of the attack, the flag of the state issuing the patent. The Corsican Hispanic

began in 1814, the year that finally ended with the danger posed Montevideo. Peaked around 1818 and ended in 1823. The Argentine flag ships carried the most important actions. The main areas of action were the South Atlantic and the Caribbean, where they performed about 60 pirates, but there were also attacks in the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. In the heyday of the marque, the city of Cadiz was about to be blocked by English American ships.

From the Banda Oriental operated more than 30 Corsairs with patents granted by Artigas, who captured English ships, and after the invasion of 1816, Portugal. In the Caribbean acted ships of the Great Colombia and Mexico in conjunction with the Argentine privateers, with their base of operations on the island Margarita. Chilean privateers, armed after the independence of his country with the support of Argentine and British sailors, made a number of realistic trade prey base in Lima between 1818 and 1820.

The most important consequences were the loss of privateering and trade impasse that caused the English trade, only Buenos Aires privateers captured about 150 prisoners.

Among the highlights are Irish Guillermo Brown (the creator of the army in Argentina), American David Jewitt (who among other outstanding shares took possession of the Falkland Islands on behalf of the government of Buenos Aires in 1820) and the main protagonist of this story.

Hippolyte André BOUCHARD Paul Bouchard was born on January 15, 1780 in Bormes (2) a town in France near Saint Tropez. Louis was the son of André Bouchard, bartender and then successful manufacturer of cork stoppers, and Therese Brunet.

André was a "restless and mischievous child, who liked to talk to the people of the sea and wanted to go to war. Hippolytus describes Bartolomé Mitre Bouchard adult and a dark complexion, dark hair and slanted black eyes, piercing and hard, that "flashed fire."

After Therese widowed, remarried and her new husband squandered his small fortune. André (unknown date that he changed his name to Hippolyte, Hippolyte), just throws her stepfather through the window. 1798

Hippolytus was left home and joined the French army. He served in the ill-fated campaigns of Egypt and Santo Domingo and became disillusioned with the course of the French Revolution, and ended up migrating to the Río de la Plata in 1809. Bouchard soon began to feel sympathy for the ideas expressed by the sector most radical of the Meeting of May, led by Mariano Moreno, and put his naval knowledge available to the Revolution.

When the patriot government faced the first hostilities on the Rio de la Plata, Bouchard served as second in the first squadron Azopardo Argentina, commanding the brig "May 25." After the defeat of St. Nicholas, March 2, 1811, was unjustly accused of cowardice and irresolution. Substantiate a process, finished acquitted, acknowledging that his duty until he was forsaken by his crew, who panicked in battle.

In the winter of 1811, from a gunboat, Bouchard ships faced the viceroy sent to bomb Elio Buenos Aires. Over the next year he fought in the Paraná, in command of a sloop (the "Boat Bouchard) chasing enemy ships.

In March 1812 a body joined with the organization and self-discipline of Napoleon's army: the brand new Mounted Grenadiers Regiment of San Martín. As a lieutenant, Hipólito Bouchard participated in the Battle of San Lorenzo, 3 February 1813, at which time was not lost: he took "a flag that I put in the hands of VE and started life with the brave officer bearer D. Hipólito Bouchard, "in words of the Liberator. Bouchard always would look with pride earring, a symbol of the riot. Accompanied

San Martín to strengthen the Northern Army, hitherto commanded by Manuel Belgrano. Then it was the army of the Banda Oriental and, after obtaining leave to return to Buenos Aires, was given command of the frigate "Maria Josefa."

In 1813 he married Norberta Merlo, sister of his friend Ramon and daughter of a former English officer who had fought, eight years before Trafalgar. The marriage was suitable for the purpose of moving up the social scale, related to a family the River Plate.

then, Bouchard spoke a particular hybrid of Buenos Aires English and French Provence. Tireless delivery was recognized, while his temperament exalted: it was strange to see him sticking with his sword planazos its most unruly subordinates.

Corso's War in the Pacific

In September 1815, the Supreme Director Ignacio Álvarez Thomas was granted carte blanche to Bouchard, in an expedition funded by Vicente Anastasio Echevarría.

Rosario Echevarria was a lawyer with extensive public life. His parents had dreamed to be a priest, a destination that was responsible for change when he decided to study law and married her cousin, causing a scandal that came to court. Fighter in the British Invasions, owner of a major fortune, was from the beginning of the revolution, behind the scenes, closing and funding agreements the patriot armies. Echevarría would be a providential man for Hipólito Bouchard, who could make enemies with ease.

put forward two pirate ships to Cape Horn to act in the Pacific Ocean. A storm sank the boat commanded by Oliver Russell, Bouchard managed to save his, the corvette "hawk", and round the Cape, despite the opposition of his officers, who wanted to come back and took his insubordination to the edge the riot.

In late 1815, on the island of Mocha, Bouchard met with William Brown to coordinate joint actions. It was a meeting of opposing temperaments, which were projected to the crews, professional, respectful of order and his captain, aboard the Irish, undisciplined and strongly opposed to the command, the French ship.

The meeting agreed that Brown would be the general commander of the expedition. Bouchard had to accept, but disagreed with the sweeping plans of the Irish, who decided to block anything less than the English fortress of El Callao.

Three small boats corsair fleet (the frigate "Hercules," the brig "Holy Trinity" and corvette "Falcon") harassed realistic lines of communication. Among other feats, sank the frigate Fuente Hermosa "and captured a similar ship, the" consequence ", the January 28, 1816. That ship would then be renamed "La Argentina", the ship that would travel around the world led by Bouchard.

an attack in Guayaquil, William Brown was captured by English forces. Bouchard and Brown's brother, Miguel, negotiated an exchange to retrieve the prisoner, in exchange for ceding much of the booty.

Soon after, Bouchard reported Brown that his boat into water and return to Buenos Aires. Negotiated the division of property, to Bouchard his lot came the "consequence", which gave the "hawk", and held another badly damaged ship, the "Carmen" or "Andalusian", for which he had other plans are left to the officers who had attempted insubordination ...

Top World Tour

"The captain, whose address was on credit 'La Argentina' and fortune, met at each other, physically and morally, the strengths and weaknesses of a hero adventure."
Bartolomé Mitre, "The cruise of Argentina. 1817-1818"

In mid-1816, Hipólito Bouchard landed in Buenos Aires and was assigned to the preparation of a new privateering expedition, sponsored again by Vicente Echevarría.

was made of the few resources that the government could give (cavalry sabers, for operation at sea ...) and prepare the crew, which highlighted a young native who participated in his previous trip, Thomas Spore , who expected a glorious future in the navy of Argentina.

The first problem that had faced the issue occurred when there was no party and adventure almost ended before it began. On the night of June 25, 1817, a discussion on board ended in a fight that should have been suppressed by the Marines, which left two dead and four seriously injured. The Supreme Director Juan Martín de Pueyrredón suspended the game of "Argentina" and ordered an investigation into the causes of the riot. Again, wrist Echevarría policy unlocked the conflict. Two days after the incidents, the issue was finally able to sail.

"Argentina" headed for Africa. In the midst of the sea had intentionally put out a fire, which almost ended with the frigate. To make matters worse, the differences between marine experts from abroad (mainly British) and the Creoles, not at all accustomed to the harsh life of the sea, threatening deepened the tension of the days in the ocean.

Crossing the Atlantic took them just over two months. On September 4, 1817, "Argentina" docked at the port of Tamatave, on the east coast of Madagascar. They inspected four ships (three British and one French), exercising the right to visit that Britain and the United States implemented in Africa since 1812. Bouchard found that it was slave ships, and then freed the slaves and confiscated the supplies. Five sailors from the French slave trade schooner called to enlist in "Argentina", knowing that his captain was French and fought for freedom. As was the British sloop of war "Comway" Bouchard put his captain aware of what worked and left him in charge of surveillance.

"Argentina" then sailed to the Orient in search of enemy ships. Again had to face severe storms, and during the crossing of the Indian Ocean most of the crew fell ill with scurvy. Food became scarce: only biscuits were too hard to be chewed by patients who had wet them to eat. Not a day that does not throw a dead water. On October 18, the captain of an American ship had informed them that more than three years that the English ships of the Society of the Philippines not traded in the ports of India. Hipólito Bouchard knew he had to get to these islands if they wanted to find English.

On 7 November, with a crew decimated, "Argentina" anchored off the island of New Head of Java. They landed the sick and set up tents. After a few days, Fray Bernardo de Copacabana, a priest of Bethlehem who played a doctor on board, decided to try a unique method to retrieve the sick were buried up to their necks in sand. In the words of Hippolyte Bouchard, "which was passed totally died of scurvy After an hour of that was in the land and other got better. This operation was repeated many times until the poor could use their members.

At noon on December 7 were attacked by Malay pirates, famous for his cruelty. Bouchard was not healthy to use artillery cannons, and then ordered his men face danger with guns and knives. The heavy fire prevented the approach of the pirates, whose commander, to be defeated, stabbed two stab wounds to the chest and plunged into the sea. Five of his officers followed suit.

Bouchard

ordered the seizure of the ship and the pirates defeated reduction. Four other boats escaped. Following the customs of the sea, Hipólito Bouchard held a council of war prisoners judged. Tested their crimes (including murder of the entire crew of a Portuguese ship had already surrendered), the council sentenced to death pirates, with the exception of some children who were received as apprentices.

Malay pirates were returned to their ship, which was sawed off their sticks. Then, Bouchard ordered the fire. The pirates disappeared under the water shouting "Allah, Allah."

After this adventure, "Argentina" endured a calm sea without wind the passage of the Makassar Strait to the Celebes Sea. Then headed towards the island of Luzon and beyond, Manila, the jewel of the English empire in the East, which sought to block.



For two months, "Argentina" blocked Luzon, sixteen ships sunk, boarded and captured sixteen other four realistic. The blockade of English trade in Manila caused an inflation of 200% in two months. Hipólito Bouchard decided then to go to China in search of more English ships.

On the trip to Canton, "Argentina" was nearly capsized by heavy storms was faced with the consequence that several crew members were killed nursing. In aggravation, the food became scarce. Bouchard reviewed its plan and headed to the Sandwich Islands, the current Hawaii to refuel and recover the crew.

One of his biographers (Julio Manrique, crew of "Argentina") ensures that, in these days, pondered the French privateer to attack the British island of St. Helena and free his admired Napoleon. The inconvenience of gesture politics and the pressure of the crew to go to Hawaii would have made him give up that ambition. Manrique is the only one of the chroniclers who mention the story (which, in my opinion, does not invalidate his story). But who knows? maybe just one more of the legends surrounding the life of Hipólito Bouchard. Bouchard

in Hawaii

August 18, 1818, "Argentina" anchored in the bay of Kealakehua, one of the Hawaiian islands. Hawaii was then an independent kingdom, ruled by Kamehameha I, a benevolent and progressive monarch who had assembled a small fleet with which connected the islands of the kingdom and trade with China. It was surrounded by European advisers, who advised in dealing with potential imperial era.

Hawaii was also a Mohammedan kind of paradise: it is characterized by sexual disinhibition of their women, beautiful brunette topless, always to the delight of the sailors who arrived in the land ...

Just arrived, Bouchard was found docked in the port, a ship that had been purchased by the king. After careful investigations, Bouchard found that was the corvette Argentina "Santa Rosa" or "Chacabuco", which was preparing to leave, also desire privateer, when "La Argentina" left Buenos Aires. The crew of the "Santa Rosa" had rebelled against the coast of Chile and, after landing his officers, traveled across the Pacific to Hawaii. The men scattered around the island, had taken women and were adapted to local custom. In the absence of crew, the captain sold the vessel to King Kamehameha and left without knowing more about their fate.

Then, a law of the sea, strictly applied, provided that any captain who found mutinous sailors had run without delay, as a warning and to prevent such Cund. At that time the officers were few, most of the crew of any vessel levied consisted of slaves, convicts and captured. Bouchard

arrested a group of men from "Santa Rosa" who were escaping of the islands. Found that the corvette was completely dismantled, stranded at the port, and decided to make the claim with the monarch. Finally the two reached an agreement: the king returned the vessel, would bring men to the crew of Bouchard (one hundred) and it compensated the crown for the purchase of the vessel.

In the memoirs of José Piris, a member of the expedition Bouchard asserts that Kamehameha signed a Treaty of Trade, Peace and Friendship with Hipólito Bouchard, which recognized the independence of the United Provinces of Río de la Plata. Had it done so, Hawaii will be the first country to recognize the independence Hispanic Argentina, for only in 1821, Portugal would do the same, a year before Brazil and the United States and four before Britain. However, neither in the log by Hipólito Bouchard or any other source is based on recognition of the independence of Argentina, made of great magnitude for the chronic lack of facts. Bouchard went

capture the mutineers from the "Santa Rosa" in Kaouai. On Oahu, the largest and richest island of Hawaii, loaded supplies and caught the last mutineers who had been hiding in the woods (one was sentenced to death and the rest to get spanked.) After giving the King Kamehameha military ranks and naming some consuls, decisions for he was not entitled, Hipólito Bouchard went to the east. Next to "Argentina" was the new ship of the fleet, the "Santa Rosa", led by Peter Corney, a former marine who met in Hawaii Bouchard, run the village tavern.

California California was in those years, only a handful of scattered Franciscan missions along the coast, where native religious and lived peacefully. The capital was Monterrey. It grew wheat, alfalfa and fruit trees, and there was a fledgling wine industry. The wines, along with hides, tallow and manufactured from sheep were the major export items. Isolated by the desert, communication was the main sea.

On November 20, 1818, the watchers were arriving in Monterrey "Argentina" and "Santa Rosa". Suddenly the wind stopped and the corvette "Santa Rosa" was stranded. The governor had sent Solá install two batteries on the beach to protect the landing, in fifteen minutes, the corvette was shot and the bridge was filled Argentine casualties.

was the morning of November 24, with men rescued from the "Santa Rosa", Hipólito Bouchard landed with 200 infantry and sailors armed with rifles and spears, along with several guns. The first responses were repelled by guards. The only 25 soldiers English fled in fear.

One of the Hawaiian warriors who formed the crew lowered the English flag and hoisted the banner of Argentina. Since that night, until 29 November, California was in Argentina.

As expected the presence of privateers, the governor had ordered the preventive evacuation of women and children, in addition to the files and money from the Treasury. The expected reinforcements from San Francisco and San Jose did not try to retake the city, but waited the departure of the Argentines.

crews "Argentina" and "Santa Rosa" by pillaging. The Hawaiians had a penchant for marine ... Dresses of women found in homes. The cattle could not be, were killed. Burned the fort, the artillery barracks, the governor's residence and the houses of the English, but both temples were respected as the properties of the Creoles.

attacked shortly after the Rancho El Refugio, the Ortega's ranch, known smugglers of the area who had collaborated with the colonial authorities against the Mexican patriots. Was repeated looting and Monterrey (3).

Then the pirates attacked San Juan Capistrano. Bouchard asked for supplies in exchange for not harassing the population, and they answer the prior bravado. A starting ransacked the mission, well-stocked liquor, but without money or treasure, which had already been evacuated. The return of these men to "Argentina" was somewhat erratic, the degree of intoxication (4).

The small pirate fleet passed over from San Diego and took refuge, to repair ships in Biscayne Bay (now Key Biscayne, always pleasant memory for Argentine tennis). They remained there until January 1819 when they left the south to roam the ports of San Blas and Acapulco. And Central America, attacked Sonsonate, El Salvador, and on 2 April, Realejo in Nicaragua, one of the most important centers of trade and English colonial navy, in addition to the main yard of the Pacific.

Bouchard decided to attack the port with two boats armed with cannons and boats manned by fifty men. Entered the canal before dawn, but were discovered by the watchman at sunrise. Soon all the enemy forces were ready for their arrival, forming a double line of defense, consisting of a brig, a small lugger and a schooner. However, with their meager resources, like pirates captured the port.

The next morning, burned the brig and the schooner, dissatisfied by the poor rescue offered by their owners, and incorporated the small lugger and the ship "Mary Sophia" (anchored at the port) to the fleet of Buenos Aires.

Hipólito Bouchard's adventure in the North Pacific after the confrontation ended with a brig fired shells at the "Santa Rosa", sowing death and injury cover. Without "Argentina" (dedicated to the task of monitoring the prisoners captured in Realejo) Bouchard was going to a tough enemy attack when, suddenly, shortly after going into battle, the ship lowered the flag English aggressor and raised in Chile. It was a pirate ship, captained by a man named Collins, who had faced the "Santa Rosa" English believing. Outraged, Hipólito Bouchard asked will send a surgeon to treat the wounded. In response, Coll left.

The liberation of Peru

view the damage from the "Santa Rosa" and, aware that San Martin was about to launch its maritime campaign against the English in Peru, Bouchard decided to finalize the issue and heads to Valparaiso. When he reached the port, he found no surprises. By order of the Scottish Admiral Lord Cochrane (the "Lord filibuster" as he called San Martín) were arrested, due to piracy, the cargo was confiscated. Bouchard tried to resist, but the superiority of their opponents made futile defense. He surrendered and was arrested.

tortuous trial was initiated, in which his counsel was Thomas Guido. San Martín, Sarratea, Echevarría, O'Higgins, appealed on his behalf. Given the weak charge of the case, the idea that the greed of Lord Cochrane was the incentive to plunder, as shot by elevation to San Martín, who had a silent struggle.

Enraged at the injustice, Colonel Mariano Necochea, partner in San Lorenzo Bouchard, a squad of armed riot police and took "Argentina", ignoring the threats from the authorities. The ship was restored to the French captain.

Once released, Bouchard toured "Argentina" and found the guns and sails had been removed to equip other aircraft. There was no small boat, no ropes, poles, rods or rudder. The blue and white flag, blackened, lay in a corner of the roof. The warehouse was empty, all won on the tour in the Pacific had been looted.

Echevarría had reached new letters of marque and planned to call to Buenos Aires Bouchard, to operate their fleets on the coast of Argentina, but the sea had other plans. Neither he nor his subordinates wanted to miss the campaign to liberate Peru. In a letter to Echevarría, Bouchard told him he had decided to participate in the expedition to the land of the Incas, and asked him to ensure the needs of his family (his wife and daughters Carmen and Fermina) and promised to refund the cost on return . Echevarria was furious and refused. Bouchard's family was left to their fate.

for damages, both "Argentina" as the "Santa Rosa" were only transport cargo to the liberating armies, landed in Peru in September 1820. Seemed in order. Soon, "Argentina" was scrapped and sold as old wood. The "Santa Rosa" would burn then in revolt Callao, 1824.

Without economic resources, Hipólito Bouchard was presented to General San Martín and begged him to let him return to Argentina. But the Liberator was asked five months, perhaps thinking of giving the command of the Peruvian Navy after release (28 July 1821, José de San Martín proclaimed the independence of Lima).

When Cochrane took over Lima flows deposited in their warships, under the pretext of collecting assets owed, San Martín organized the Peruvian Navy and Bouchard gave the command of the frigate "Test", the ship more important in the fleet. Lord Cochrane feared confrontation with the hero francoargentino and reversed.

The End, Far from the Sea

Until 1828 Hipólito Bouchard continued serving the Peruvian Navy. Then he retired and settled in the haciendas of San Javier and San José de Nazca, awarded as a reward for the Peruvian Congress. Bouchard founded a large sugar mill, which he called "Good Luck. Then, the United Provinces no longer bled into civil war. The hero of yesteryear never saw his wife or his daughters, and became increasingly sullen. His anger exploded at any moment and was discharged violently, just him, the liberator of slaves, against the pawns of their estates.

On the evening of January 4, 1837 struck a servant, but this time, there were violent protests. Hipólito Bouchard took a pistol and saber old approach, but it was too late. The servant was killed by stabbing.

His remains were lost for more than 120 years, until June 1962 were found in a forgotten crypt of a church in Nazca, Peru. On 6 July of that year, the remains were exhumed by a joint committee of the marine Argentina and Peru and repatriated to Buenos Aires aboard a cruise called "Argentina." Now rest in the Pantheon of Buenos Aires.

Notes (1) A relic these times is in the current Constitution of Argentina. Article 75 (which was 67 before the constitutional reform of 1994), which has the powers of Congress, says in paragraph 26 (formerly the 22): "To grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make regulations for dams ".

(2) Each July 9, the commune of Bormes at a ceremony commemorating the independence of Argentina, paying homage to his adopted country of one of their beloved children.

(3) in Santa Barbara can be seen in a long pier to the beach, tall masts with flags of nations that once occupied California: Spain, Russia, Mexico, United States y. .. Argentina. On the second floor the County Court House is a mural that represents the occupation of 1818.

(4) A San Juan Capistrano arrive in the spring, the swallows that migrate from Argentina. In what is now Dana Point are still remembers the attack by Hipólito Bouchard to San Juan Capistrano, with the annual Fiesta del Pirata. It is clear that, for most Anglo-Saxon texts, Bouchard is a mere pirate. One of the few that does justice is Peter Uhrowczik, in his book "The Burning of Monterey: The 1818 Attack on California by the Privateer Bouchard, Cyril Books, 2001. To my knowledge, there is no English version. Books

The best possible source, a century or later remains the work of Bartolome Mitre, "The cruise of Argentina 1817-1819", included in "Pages of History", you can download (in. pdf, 757 Kb) http://www. e-libro.net/E-libro-viejo/libros_gratis.htm .

"The Eagle Warrior." Pacho O'Donnell, Editorial Sudamericana, 1998.

"Corsairs Argentines." Miguel Angel de Marco, Editorial Planeta, 2002. Articles

"When Hawaii was flag of Argentina." Conrado Etchebarne Bullrich. The Nation, Supplement Approaches, Sunday 14 September 1997.

Links

article detailed

Armada Argentina

About Napoleon
Rescue Stories
Trip Around the World

Bouchard Biography

What is a Letter of Marque?

Tootwhitening Strips In India

Hipólito Bouchard Goya, Spain, Weather and History

A journey through the art of Goya, testing 3 of his works:
- Spain, Time and History, Stockholm
- The Time, Truth and History, Boston
- Portrait of Fernando VII, Santander. Goya

develops the theme of Spain, so now provided in three allegories deeply political content:

Allegory of the 1812 Constitution
Title: Spain, Time and History, 1812-14
Author: Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
Museum: National Museum in Stockholm
Features: Oil on canvas 294 x 244 cm.



is not very common that Goya painted allegorical scenes, although they made some throughout his career. His most known as a portrait makes these images take more value for their originality. On a hazy background are three figures: the time - with wings spread - to Spain brings to the fore, while with his left hand holds an hourglass with the superior blister filled to indicate that a new era begins, Spain, dressed in white, with a pronounced cleavage, carries in her right hand a little book - the Constitution of Cadiz of 1812 - and left a scepter, suggesting the superiority of the Constitution on the monarch's power, in the foreground is the History, naked to be also the image of Truth, noting the event while treading the old legal texts of a bygone era. Goya reveals its liberal character openly, without any subterfuge, pinning their hopes on the Constitutional text which broke with the old regime and inaugurated liberal Spain. Unfortunately, Fernando VII did not apply and the famous "Pepa" - so called because the Constitution was promulgated on March 19, 1812, the feast of San José - fell on deaf ears. Although the theme of the work is to use dyes neoclassical allegorical figures, the style to which Goya used is characteristic of the years of the War of Independence - see the balcony Majas -. In this style there is an interesting color contrast, the strokes are very fast without worrying about the details and light bathes the figures used to produce a feeling reminiscent of Velázquez air. The way of working of Aragon is demonstrating its peculiar evolution to a completely personal style that will have little support among members of the aristocracy, which elected as new portrait of Vicente López.

Time, Truth and History
Title: Time, Truth and History, 1797-99
Author: Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
Museum: Museum of Boston
Features: Oil on canvas 41 ' 6 x 32'6 cm.


Goya is a painter of allegories rather than realities. It is therefore surprising that among his works we find an allegory concerning the Truth, Time and History. By 1797 made this sketch here look at that three figures are nude. Truth stands, the time with wings and an hourglass in hand, writing down facts of history in his book. The fast and secure brush touches a composition characterized in that light also plays an important role. The final painting has little change in the posture of the figures, although he is standing wearing a low cut dress elegant and History and the Time cover with folded cloths around their waists. To hold the figure of Truth a book in his right hand has been identified with Spain in the final picture, dated between 1812 and 1814 and replacing the title by Spain, Time and History. Why Goya painted a preparatory sketch 15 years before the final canvas? Is the date wrong box Stockholm? Are you in this sketch of the scenes of "fad" that Goya painted in the last years of the eighteenth century? It is difficult to answer these questions with the limited existing data. Juliet Wilson-Bareau quite rightly suggests that this could be an allegory of Jovellanos on appointment as Minister of Grace and Justice in November 1797. Jovellanos was subsequently removed so the allegorical picture may be suspended. In 1812 Goya recover the idea to celebrate the arrival of constitutionalism.

Portrait of Ferdinand VII
Title: Portrait of Fernando VII, 1814
Author: Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
Museum: Museum of Fine Arts (No. Cat. 0001), Santander
Features: Oil on canvas 205 x 123 cm


In 1814, the City Council instructs Santander " a good teacher "carrying a portrait of Fernando VII. The assignment falls on Goya, who paid for his conduct eight thousand reales. The portrait function was to preside over the City Council Chamber, being displayed in certain celebrations from the balcony of Town Hall. Over time, the painting was forgotten, so much so that for many years out of the brush was considered an imitator of Aragon. It was the Spaniard Joaquín González Ibaseta painter (? -1925) Who saw the hand of Goya's portrait, a point discussed by letter Aureliano de Beruete (cf. The Bay of Biscay, of April 3, 1903). On October 30, 1948 was transferred permanently to the Museum of Santander where today is displayed along with the facsimile reproduction of the documentation of the assignment, acceptance and delivery receipt, which embody the signatures of the artist and the then mayor of the Vial Juan Nepomuceno city.
City Council issues a number of conditions set out in the document of assignment: "It must be the canvas of seven feet tall by the width provided. The portrait will be front and body whole, the Colonel of the Guards dress with royal insignia. Shall have his hand on the pedestal of a statue of Spain and will be crowned with laurel in this pedestal the scepter, crown and mantle, the foot a lion in the clutches broken chains. " It seems likely that local authorities draw up these conditions from the iconography of the portrait of Carlos IV, attributed by Bernardo Urrea Martinez del Barranco, now in the gallery also exhibits Santander. In this portrait of Carlos IV, King of the whole body appears, is accompanied by a seated female figure-allegory of Spain-accommodated on a castle or fortress that serves as a pedestal to the left of the monarch are placed the scepter and crown, and feet, a lion of fierce countenance, two globes, and the Pillars of Hercules.
To carry out the portrait, Goya is it possibly a record made in 1808, preserved in the Musée d'Agen (France) and faithfully follows the iconographic patterns that mark the Town Hall. Fernando VII Length appears in the uniform of Colonel of the Guards Corps, with red sash at the waist sash of the Order of Carlos III, several awards (the Golden Fleece, Order of Carlos III) and the regulatory sword. Support your left arm on the pedestal that supports the allegory of Spain crowned with laurel. To the left of the monarch are located the scepter, the crown and two blankets, one red and ermine. Above these is seen a mysterious object, a kind of transparent vault that garnished something like a stone. At the foot a tame lion lies down with a chain between the claws on the floor, lie several broken links. Is an example of consistent realism and maturity in the work of the Aragonese: brash styling, fashion, contrast between the figure of King and background, rich, vibrant red, blue and white; wise modulation of blacks, scattered green mottle emeralds, subtle shimmer, ease, in short, the technical treatment.
Over time, the work has undergone several restorations. In February 1876, Francisco Pedraja comes to the arrangement of frame and canvas. In August 1947, Jerome Seisdedos done cleaning. In March 1979, Macaroni is responsible under the frame, add borders and sense of color. And between July and September 1994, Clara and Henry Quintana Quintanilla (Museo del Prado) make a general cleaning and fixing, along with the elimination of the black background repaint. Following the successful restoration
1994, have surfaced two telling sweeps wear or shed more iconographic data. The first of these sweeps is located in the left arm of the allegorical figure, showing the possible elimination of a scepter, the course index finger certainly appears broken and most of the arm is not suited to the pictorial qualities of Goya. The other wear is situated on King's head as a result of deleting a laurel crown (this assessment report coincides with the restoration of 1994), possibly crown him the king was placed on the right hand hidden in the same allegorical figure. These deletions should be made in a time very close to the delivery of the portrait.
iconographic elements, visible and deleted, give rise to a series of reasonable doubt in its interpretation, a key point in the reading of the portrait. In this reading, have not lost sight of the various historical events that occurred in Spain with the arrival of Fernando VII to Madrid (May 1814): abolition of the Constitution of 1812, repeal of the decrees of the Parliament, reinstatement of the Inquisition, the disappearance of freedom of the press ... A real coup based on a cruel persecution and crush the liberal regime. If, according to the preserved documentation signed receipt Goya's portrait collection in December 1814, after having taken in their implementation fortnight events contrary to absolutist thinking of the artist are held before the municipal application. On the other hand, also known as Goya was to avoid any suspicion of French influence, though in his heart procedure would not give up their ideals.
However, returning the portrait of Ferdinand VII, we see a duality in the figures of King and the allegory of Spain: origin are provided with two identical attributes, the laurel crown and scepter. The fact that the female figure appeared with a possible deletion-scepter today indicates that we are, at the origin of the portrait to the allegory of constitutional Spain Spain rather than the absolute, confirmed today the removal of this element. Coincide, therefore, with different opinions expressed on the central female figure of Goya's work entitled Spain, Time and History, the Museum of Stockholm (regarding the interpretation) see eg 1982 or exhibition catalog López Torrijos, 1996. This painting, also titled The adoption of the constitution of 1812 in Spain (exhibition catalog, 1812, pp. 82-83) and The Time, Truth and Spain (exhibition catalog 1994-1995, pp. 130 - 131), seems to relate directly to the portrait of Fernando VII in their allegorical figures of Spain, as already discussed.
Also in the museum canvas Santander, Spain's allegory appears smiling and topless, showing up in mother constitutional origin of the English people that gentle, kind, confident, crowns the King with his right hand. The laurel wreath eliminated Fernando VII would think a clear repentance, presence or absence of an ideological argument against absolutism execrable. Deleted laurel crown and scepter cleared constitutional, given the new political situation, the alleged ideological balance returns to the portrait.
On the other hand, the representation of the lion, according to municipal given accurate - "to walk a lion with broken chains in the grip" - seems to demonstrate the release of the English people following the expulsion of the French troops.
remain in the picture other details subject to identification and interpretation: the mysterious object on the rod and the crown, and face in the medallion on the pedestal. The latter could be identified, in an easy and superficial, with the figure of Hercules, given the direction of their gaze to the lion (Nemea) and the nearby presence of chains (liberation at the hands of Cerberus Busiris or concatenation), with suspected reference to the Pillars of Hercules found in the portrait of Carlos IV of Martínez del Barranco del Museo de Santander, above. Remote and hardly defensible hypothesis.
The above interpretations may give the Fernando VII de Goya rich content of political and ideological. And Goya is that he could dictate the iconography, but his brilliant and complex personality could hardly be subject to external dictates when to give them content.

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Electronic Orphans: The series about sex

http://www.huerfanoselectronicos.com/

Electronic Orphans: The series of chapters, is online and made entirely in Flash .. a cartoon ditties ..

List Of Convertible Bond Issued 2010

Quotations Photoshop TV

"Sex is like a card game: If you have a good partner ... you better have a good hand."
- Woody Allen

"Women are able to fake an orgasm, but men can fake a whole relationship. "
- Sharon Stone

"Forty-five masturbating and I still have strength in his hand."
- Billy Wilder

"You know that look women get when they want sex with you? Me neither. "
- Steve Martin

" Bisexuality immediately doubles your chances to tie on a Saturday night. "
- Rodney Dangerfield

" Masturbation is make love to the person you most want. "
- Woody Allen

" What is sin premarital sex? There is not premarital sex if you do not intend to marry. "
- Matt Barry

"The last time I was inside a woman was when I visited the Statue of Liberty."
- Woody Allen

"Women need a reason to have sex. Men just need a place. "
- Billy Crystal

" Some marriages end up well, others last a lifetime. "
- Woody Allen

" One does not appreciate a lot of stuff in school until grows. Small things like being punished every day by a middle-aged woman. Things that you pay good money later on life. "
- Elmo Philips

" I believe that sex is one of the most beautiful, natural and rewarding that money can buy. "
- Tom Clancy

" I believe that sex is one thing beautiful between two people. Between five, it's fantastic. "
- Woody Allen

" There are a number of mechanical devices which increase sexual arousal, particularly among women. The most effective is the Mercedes-Benz 380SL. "
- Lynn Lavner

" Leaving sex to the feminists is like letting your dog vacation to the taxidermist. "
-

Matt Barry "Sex at age 90 is like trying to shoot pool with a rope."
- Camille Paglia

"My girlfriend always laughs when I make love - no matter what is reading. "
- Steve Jobs

" sexual inactivity is dangerous, it produces horns. "
- Woody Allen

" God invented sex, man invented love. "
- brothers Edmond and Jules de Goncourt

"My mother never understood the irony that it was calling me bastard."
-

Jack Nicholson "Clinton lied. A man might forget where you parked the car or where you live, but never forget a suck ... no matter how bad it was. "
- Barbara Bush

" Love one over the other. "
- Woody Allen

"Ah, yes, divorce. Latin expression that means ripping out the genitals of man with his wallet. "
- Robin Williams

" According to a recent survey, women say they feel more comfortable undressing in front of men than women. Say they become too critical, while us men, of course, simply we become grateful. "
- Robert De Niro

" Sex without love is without doubt an empty experience, but as experience is empty the best. "
- Drew Carey

" The problem is that God gave man a brain and a penis, and only enough blood to run one at a time. "
- Robin Williams

" There are two very important things in the world: one is sex, the other can not remember. "
- Woody Allen

" My wife is a sex object. Every time I ask her sex, she objects. "
- Bob Hope

" An intellectual is someone who has found something more interesting than sex. "
- Edgar Wallace

" Is sex dirty? Only when done right. "
- Woody Allen

" There are only two things a man and a woman can do on a rainy day. And I do not like watching TV. "
- I think the movie In the Heat of the Night

Hindi Channels Frequencies



Photoshop Videos
A website where you are issued weekly Videos about photoshop .. courses, etc. ..

Exercises For Saddlebags Cellulite

The world's smallest horse


The world's smallest horse
That Pocholas!

Delay Sheriff In The Outreau Affair

Photography and Painting Astronomy


Shadow Dance
mid-1895 the famous Impressionist painter Edgar Degas receives a dancer in his studio and photography in different positions. The result is three plates that the artist used to make different compositions. Months later, Degas found a way to combine the three plates that lets you finish, like a carbon copy of his famous painting "Dancers backstage."

Dailymotion Beautiful Agony 5 Play

: 10 Photos


http://www.oddpeak.com/

10 interesting pictures of the universe.

Monday, November 6, 2006

How To Make A Commercial Offer Letter

Universe Interview with Bruce Lee "Be Water My Friend"


The last interview before his death Bruce Lee dubbed into English and with the famous phrase "Be Water my Friend."

Metaplastic Ovarian Cancer

global corruption ranking

A corruption ranking of the 163 States questioned. Prepared by http://www.transparency.org


The least corrupt? Finland with a confidence of 9.4 - 9.7 (out of 10)
The more corrupt? Haiti with a confidence of 1.7 - 1.8 (out of 10)
Spain? # 23 of 163, with a confidence of 6.3 - 7.2 (out of 10)
U.S.? # 20 of 163, with a confidence of 6.6 - 7.8 (out of 10)
Cuba? Since 66 of 163, with a confidence of 1.8 - 4.7 (out of 10)

Can Tapeworms Communicate?

Design 40 and 50


http://todaysinspiration.blogspot.com/

Today's Inspiration is a blog about illustration that collects images forties and fifties, accompanying each image opinion and culture passages. Original and highly reconmend.

Bleeding From Nose When Dead

Fotociencia. Scientific photography competition

http://www.fotciencia.fecyt.es/
A new edition of the scientific photography competition.

Friday, November 3, 2006

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Arrow Paradox

The Arrow Impossibility Theorem, also called the Arrow Paradox and with little precision, the Impossibility Theorem of democracy, shows that it is possible to design rules for making social or political decisions that obey a certain set of criteria "reasonable."

was enunciated and demonstrated for the first time by the Nobel laureate Kenneth Arrow, as part of his doctoral thesis Social choice and individual values, and popularized in his book of the same name released in 1951. The original article, A Difficulty in the Concept of Social Welfare, was published in The Journal of Political Economy, Vol 58 (4), pp. 328-346, August 1950.

simplified Statement of Theorem

Impossibility Theorem Arrow provides that a company needs to agree an order of preference among different options. Each individual in society has its own order of personal preference. The problem is finding a general mechanism (a social choice function) that transforms the set of individual preference orders in order of preference for the society, which must satisfy several desirable properties:

    unrestricted or domain
  • universality: the social choice function should create a complete order for every possible set of individual preference orders (the result of the vote should be able to sort each other all the preferences and the voting mechanism should be able to process all possible sets of voter preferences)
  • Non-imposition or citizen sovereignty, every order of preference of society should be achievable by some set of individual preference orders. (Each result should be achievable in some way).
  • Absence of dictatorship: the social choice function should not simply follow the order of preference of a single individual while ignoring others.
  • positive association between individual and social values \u200b\u200bor monotony: if an individual modifies its preference order by promoting a certain option, the preference order of society must respond by promoting that same option or, at most, without changing it, but not degrading it. (An individual should not affect a candidate to promote.)
  • Independence of irrelevant alternatives: if we restrict our attention to a subset of options and we apply the social choice function by themselves, then the result should be compatible with the corresponding full set of options. The changes in the way that an individual ordering the alternatives "irrelevant" (ie outside the subset) should not impact the system to make society the subset "relevant."
Arrow's theorem says that if the decision-making body has at least two members and at least three options to decide, then it is impossible to design a social choice function that simultaneously satisfies all these conditions.

Obtained another version of the theorem by replacing the criterion of monotonicity with the criterion of unanimity:

  • Unanimity or Pareto efficiency: if every individual prefers a certain option to another, so must the resulting societal preference order . This statement is stronger, since both assume monotheism as the independence of irrelevant alternatives implies Pareto efficiency. Interpretations

Arrow's Theorem

Arrow's Theorem is usually expressed in mathematical language does the phrase "No voting system is fair." However, this statement is incorrect or, at best, inaccurate, and that would be needed to clarify what is meant by a fair voting mechanism. Although Arrow himself uses the term "fair" to refer to their criteria, not at all clear that way.

The most discussed is the criterion of independence of irrelevant alternatives as it seems too "strong." And so, with a narrower definition of "irrelevant alternatives" to exclude those candidates from the set of Smith, Condorcet methods satisfy some all criteria.

In any case, Arrow's Theorem is a significant result with profound implications for the field of decision theory.

Ice Skater Camel Toe Images

Msdewey


Ms.msdewey:
http://www.msdewey.com/
A fun form at least where a secretary-Mrs.dewey-wait until we decide to uar disponebles the searches, based on Windows Live Search.
silly but made in flash that has been handsome.

Thursday, November 2, 2006

Cover Note For Tanning Salon

Ophelia Millais Cassandra

Ophelia Millais Ophelia

(1851-1852). Oil on canvas 76.2 x 11.8 cm. Tate Gallery, London. Sir John Everett Millais (1829-1896)

"In the deep waters cradling the stars, white, candid,
Ophelia floats like a great lily,
fleet so slowly, leaning on
veils ... "


(Rimbaud)



The unfortunate and puzzling Ophelia Shakespearean inexhaustible source of artistic inspiration, literary and philosophical, seduced Millais, who forged a truly breathtaking pictorial reinterpretation. While the central theme of the play is the myth ofeliano the melancholy natural scenery that frames it is admirable. The surroundings are lush and bright in color, so it is not oppressive, despite witnessing the tragedy. The proper place for inspiration and reliably captured what the painter had found after much searching, accompanied by his friend Hunt, near Ewen in a backwater of the river Hogsmill.

Ofelia's figure is disappearing under the "whining" and calmer waters, which are airy enough not to hide from view her arms and torso partially immersed. Her beautiful face is now absent in a pathetic gesture that deeply moved. Lifeless eyes, lips parted, inert and hands in an attitude of offering, leaving escape some flowers. The lower part of his body seems to be already under water, remaining on the surface of the steaming pieces of heavy clothing, which, like his long hair, seem reluctant to vanish forever. Logically, the poetic image of Ophelia is far from that corresponding to the grim reality of drowning. Seems destined to flow dissolved in water, yet tangible and incorruptible, for, as Bachelard suggests, appearing for centuries to dreamers and poets, floating in river. Beside her flowers supernatant was collected. Flowers that are shaped with amazing accuracy and thoroughness. Some contemporary critics the author did not find any charm in this neat realistic Millais, his natural exuberance seemed unnecessary and indolent complacency, a tragic blunder that effectively stole the protagonist of the story. Nothing is further from the truth. The whole composition is superb, and yet there is no reason that when we find the canvas look sympathetic and inevitably be diverted towards the unfortunate.

already on the eve of the fatal outcome of Ofelia, it uses plants to communicate their troubles to Gertrude. With uncertain intent offers some herbs then reputed for its beneficial effects, but also for its abortifacient effects, fennel and rue, which also was attributed to exorcise demons effectiveness, and moth, a plant that at high doses is also toxic, "... fennel for you, and moths and rude ... for you also, and this bit is for me. We may call Sunday yerba santa, ... you will wear with the distinction that seems to you ...". In and tormented scathingly denounced the death of his father Polonius in Hamlet's hands: "... This is a margarita. Well I would give you some violets, but they all withered when my father died. They say it was a good end ...". Following the demise of Ophelia, once again, the characters evoke through this stylistic device I do not dare verbalize. Gertrude, Laertes in relating to the unfortunate episode, "performs the flowers that Ophelia has allegedly collected before plunging into the river and have a tragic symbolism.

Millais did nothing but remain true to the Shakespearean allegorical device. Garlanded violets hug the neck of the young, these flowers remain an icon of hopelessness and premature death. Floating in the water are scattered thoughts, allegory of unrequited love, and poppies, the symbol of numbness and death. Also see: impatiens, meadowsweet, nettles, daffodils, daisies, crown imperial, lilies, Adonis, dead fingers ... not as built dressings childish, but as metaphors for the shortcomings of Hamlet as Ophelia morose feelings. That Millais would have done without this abundance iconographic or had not been careful in his play had been inconsistent.

The death of Ophelia in Shakespeare's play is a perpetual source of speculative exercise, since the tragic fact does not happen on stage. It is narrated by the mouth of Gertrude, who explains that he has unwittingly fallen into the river and in his madness has been carried away: "... coming was, took off the garland, and wanting to go to suspend the remaining branches, it bends and breaks a stem envious , and fall into the fatal flood, she and all her ornaments rustic. Clothes and extended hollow took a while on the water like a mermaid, and as was singing bits of old tunes, as ignorant of his misfortune, or as a servant and born in that element. But it was impossible lasted so much space. The garments, heavy and water-absorbing stole it from the unhappy, interrupting his singing sweet, death, full of anguish. " The accident is transformed into a deliberate act in Act V, in the conversation of the gravediggers "What is to be buried in sacred ground, which has deliberately conspired against his own salvation?". In the eyes of criticism in general and poetry in particular, the sad avatars of his life, his delusional state, and make it more appealing lyrical sense the theory of suicide death, more by default than by action.

The painter, poet and Pre-Raphaelite aesthetic archetype Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal was the model patient in this masterpiece, in endless meetings at which rested submerged in a tub with a beautiful dress older than the painter had found to figuration. According account Millais's son in his biography of his father, a day could not heat the water and Elisabeth ill for several days. The father of the artist was greatly angered with the painter, requiring an economic satisfaction. The truth is that once recovered from the cooling "water" did not return to work for Millais. It seems that Lizzie suffered frequent health problems. According to biographers recount the Pre-Raphaelites was suffering from a mood disorder. This and other circumstances, such as his difficult relationship with Rossetti, would have led to excessive drinking laudanum. In several references to speculate on the condition of possible tuberculosis, although he died when he was only 32 years, often attributed to the consumption of an excessive dose of the tincture of opium. The identification "poetic" between Ofelia and Siddal was tempting, and many references to possible suicide of the artist, but the only true fact is that his death certificate, which lists "accidental death" as a cause.

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The myth of Cassandra

Casandra is the daughter of Priam and Hecuba, and twin sister of Helenus. At birth, it became a party in the temple of Apollo, on the outskirts of Troy.

the evening, parents went away and left the baby in the temple by an oversight. The next day they returned to collect them, the twins were asleep and I spent two serpents tongue over his sense organs to cleanse them. Parents began to scream of anguish, at which snakes withdrew. That was how Cassandra and Helenus had the prophetic gift when they were adults.

Another version of the legend, indicates that Apollo was in love with Cassandra and promised the girl the gift of prophecy was accepted surrender to it. She accepted, but once initiated in the arts of divination, refused to fulfill its part of the deal. Given this, Apollo spat in his mouth and pulled the gift of persuasion, so that although she was telling the truth, no one would believe him.

What happened with his gift of prophecy, is that the god Apollo took possession of it and formulated it in that state oracles. The gift was different and interpreted Helenus the future through the examination of birds and exterior signs on.

Cassandra is primarily known for his predictions in two crucial moments in the history of Troy. The first occurs when she predicts that Paris-still unknown-bring ruin to the city. When this will be sentenced to death last time she recognizes that the youth is the son of Priam.

Later, when Paris appears to Helen of Troy states that the fact it will cause the ruin of the city, but nobody listens. Then, after the death of Hector, Priam when he returns, she discovers that her father brings the corpse of his brother before this fact is known.

Also, is adamantly opposed, along with the seer Laocoon for the introduction of the famous wooden horse, for she knew that this was a trap and came in Achaean warriors. Of course, no one believes her and Apollo sent a snake to devour Laocoon and his sons. Therefore, the Trojans let the horse into the city.

During the looting, Kassandra is hidden in the temple of Athena, but Ajax's aims. She embraces the goddess, but Ajax does not stop and the start of it, causing the statue to sway. Given this, the Trojans will get offended and stoned the young fighter, but he takes refuge in the temple just to offend and be saved.

then when the Achaeans divide the spoils, Cassandra is given to Agamemnon, who falls in love with the girl. She had remained untouched so far, but now belongs to Agamemnon and he has apparently called Teledamo twins and Pelops.

According to one version, when Agamemnon comes to Miscenas, his wife Clytemnestra kills him and kills Cassandra jealousy, even though she had a lover.

Cassandra is also known as Alexandra, and Licrofón protagonist makes a poem believed to be prophetic.

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Forer Effect

Effector Forer (Barnum effect and subjective validation)

"We have something for everyone." - PT Barnum

Forer or Barnum effect is also known as the subjective validation effect or the personal validation effect. (The expression, "Barnum effect" seems to have originated with psychologist Paul Meehl, in deference to the PT Barnum circus reputation as a master of psychological manipulation).

psychologist BR Forer found that people tend to accept vague and general personal descriptions as uniquely applicable to themselves without realizing that the same description could be applied to anyone. Consider the following as if you were presented with an assessment of Your personality:

"You have the need for other people to like and admire you, and yet you tend to criticize. Even if you have some personality weaknesses you are generally able to compensate. You have a considerable capacity have not used in your benefit. Disciplined and self-controlled outside, you tend to be worrisome and insecure inside. Sometimes you have serious doubts whether you did right or you made the right decision. prefer a certain amount of change and variety and you get to be disappointed when you're surrounded by restriccciones and limitations. I autoufanas also be an independent thinker and not accept the statements of others without satisfactory proof. But you found inadvisable be too frank in letting you know others. At times you are extroverted, affable, and sociable, while other times you are introverted, wary, and reserved. Some of your aspirations tend to be rather unrealistic. "

Forer gave a personality test to his students, ignored their answers, and gave each student the above evaluation. He asked to evaluate it from 0 to 5, "5" meaning the recipient felt the assessment as an "excellent" assessment and "4" meaning that the outcome was good. The average class rating was 4.26. This happened in 1948. The test has been repeated hundreds of sometimes psychology students and the average is still around 4.2.

In short, Forer convinced people that he could successfully read their character. Its accuracy stunned his subjects, though his personality analysis were taken from the astrological column a newsstand without taking into account their Sun Signs. The Forer effect seems to explain, at least in part, why many people think that the pseudo "work." Astrology, astrotherapy, biorhythms, fortune telling, palmistry, enneagram, fortune telling, graphology, etc.., Seem to work because apparently provide accurate analysis of personality. Studies these pseudo-scientists show that there are valid tools for assessing the personality, but each has many satisfied customers who are convinced they are accurate. However, the multitude of personal or subjective validation of such pseudo-sciences are not relevant to their accuracy.

The most common explanation given for responding to the Forer effect are in terms of hope, wishful thinking, vanity and the tendency to try to make the experience something unusual, though Forer's own explanation was in terms of human gullibility . People tend to accept claims about themselves in proportion to their desire that the claims are truth rather than in proportion to the empirical accuracy of the claims as measured by some non-subjective standard. We tend to accept questionable and even false statements about ourselves, if we consider positive or flattering enough. Often give many liberal interpretations to vague or inconsistent claims about ourselves in order to make such statements make sense. Individuals seeking advice from psychics, mediums, fortune tellers, mind readers, handwriting, etc., Often ignore the false or questionable in many cases by their own words or actions, provide most of the information erroneously attributed to pseudo-scientific advisor. Many of these individuals often feel that the directors have provided profound and personal information. However, such subjective validation is of little scientific value.

Psychologist Barry Beyerstein believes that "hope and uncertainty evoke powerful psychological processes that keep all the readers of pseudoscientific and occult personality in the business." We are constantly trying to "make sense of the barrage of disconnected information we face daily," and "we become so good filling and making a reasonable scenario data so inarticulate that sometimes we sense of the absurd. " Too often we fill the gaps and provide a coherent picture of what we hear and see even if a careful examination of the evidence would reveal that the information is vague, confusing, obscure, inconsistent and incomprehensible. Psychic mediums, for example, often make many ambiguous questions in rapid succession offline so that it seems to be accessing personal information about individuals. In fact, the medium needs to have some understanding of the subject's personal life, well, the subject voluntarily and unknowingly provide all the associations and validations necessary. Mediums will assist in this process by using cold reading techniques.

David Marks and Richard Kamman argue that once a belief or expectation is found, especially one that resolves an uncomfortable uncertainty, predisposes the observer to notice new information that confirms the belief, and dismiss the evidence against it. This self-perpetuating mechanism consolidates the original error and builds confidence over where the opposition arguments are seen too fragmentary to cancel the assumed belief.

whereas a pseudoscientific counselor inspects an assessment of character forged a customer can easily trap errors and direct the people illusion well-intentioned.

Barry Beyerstein suggests the following test to determine whether the apparent authentically as pseudoscientific above may or may not be due to the Forer effect, the confirmation bias, or other psychological factors. (Note: the proposed test also uses subjective or personal validation and is not intended to prove the truth of any personality assessment tool, but to counteract the tendency to self-deception about such matters).
... adequate proof reading would have a large number of customers removing their names after identification (coded in such a way that could later be reallocated to rightful owners.) After everyone had read the anonymous profiles of all, I would ask everyone to choose the best to describe it. If the reader has enough material included, unique and relevant members of the group, on average, should be able to go beyond the chance to choose their part.

Beyerstein notes that "any method of reading occult or pseudoscientific personality ... has successfully passed such a test. "

Forer effect, however, only partially explains why so many people accept as accurate the occult and pseudo-scientific procedures personality assessment. Cold reading, communal reinforcement, and selective reasoning also underlie these delusions. Also, it must be admitted that while many of the claims valuation of a pseudo read are vague and general, some are specific. Some of these specific claims when applied to a large number of people, some by chance will be an accurate description of a few. One would expect a number of specific valuation statements but are of little scientific importance in validating the overall estimate.

There have been many studies of the Forer effect. Kelly Dickson and examined many of these studies and concluded which together is significant support for the general proposition that Forer profiles are generally perceived as correct by the subjects in the study. In addition, there is a growing acceptance of the profile if this is labeled as "for you." Favorable ratings are "more readily accepted as accurate descriptions of the personalities of the subjects that bad." But the adverse claims are "more readily accepted when they come from people with high status of people of lower status." We have also found that subjects can generally distinguish between statements that are thoughtful (but that could be applicable to most people) and those that are unique (accurate for them but not for other people). There is also evidence that personality traits such as neuroticism, need for approval, and authoritarianism are absolutely related to belief in standard profiles Forer. Unfortunately, most studies have been done only Forer university students.

http://www.skepdic.com/forer.html

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Fight for the world of reason. (Chaplin)


Charles Cahplin wrote this beautiful speech to the end of his film "The Great Dictator"

Sorry.
I do not want to be emperor. That's not my job, but to help everyone if possible. Black or white. Jews or Gentiles. We must help each other, human beings are like that. We want to make others happy, not make us miserable. We do not want to hate or help anyone. In this world there's room for everyone and the good earth is rich and can provide for all beings. The road of life can be free and beautiful, but we lost. Greed has poisoned weapons, has erected barriers of hatred, has pushed us to the misery and bloodshed.

We progressed very quickly, but we have shut ourselves. The machinery, which creates abundance has left us in need. Our knowledge has made us cynical. Our cleverness hard and dry. We too, are very little.

More than machinery we need more humanity. More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness.

Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. The airplane and the radio have brought us closer. The true nature of these inventions require human goodness requires the universal brotherhood that unites us all of us.

now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world, millions of despairing men, women and children, victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. To those who can hear me, I say: no deseperéis. The misery that is more than the passing of greed and bitterness homres who fear the way of human progress.

Hatred pass and dictators die, and the power that was stripped of the people have returned to the village, and thus, while Man, liberty will never perish.

Soldiers.

why not give yourselves to actually despise you, enslave you, regulate your lives and tell them what you have to do, what to say and feel.

I sweep the brain, I baited, they treat you like cattle, as cannon fodder. Do not give yourselves to these unnatural men, machine, with machine minds and hearts.

You are not cattle, you are not machines, are men. You carry the love of humanity in your hearts, not hatred. Only the unloved hate those who love us and inhuman.

Soldiers.

not fight for slavery but for freedom. The chapter 17 of Luke we read: "The Kingdom of God is not a man or a group of men, but in all men ..." You men have the power. The power to create machines, the power to create happiness, the power to make this life free and beautiful and make it a beautiful baby adventure.

In the name of democracy, let us use that power to act all together. Fight for a new world, worthy and noble guarantee people a job, a future youth and old age security. But the promise of these things, the beasts came to power. But they lied, never fulfilled their promises and never fulfilled. Dictators free themselves but they enslave the people. Now let us fight to fulfill their promises. All fight to free the world. To break down national barriers, to do away with greed, hatred and intolerance.

Fight for the world of reason.

A world where science, progress, lead us all to happiness.

Soldiers.

In the name of democracy, we must pull together.

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An organization ensures that Cuba is the only country that maintains a sustainable development

Cuba is the only country with sustainable development, according to the biannual report released today by the WWF in Beijing, and indicates that the ecosystem is being degraded at a rate unprecedented in history. "


According to the report, prepared by WWF every two years and was first introduced in China's capital, if things continue as at present, by 2050 the human need to consume natural resources and energy equivalent to two Earths.

is a vicious circle: poor countries per capita cause damage to nature much lower, but as they are developed, and in this situation are China and India, the rate is increasing to unsustainable levels by the planet.

WWF has developed in its report a graph overlaying two variables: the human development index (established by the UN) and the "ecological footprint", which indicates the per person energy and resources consumed in each country .

Surprisingly, only Cuba has in both cases levels sufficient to enable it to be designated a country that "meets the minimum criteria for sensitivity."

"does not mean, of course, that Cuba is a perfect country, but it is one that meets the conditions," he said in response to a question from Efe, Jonathan Loh, one of the authors.

"Cuba reached a good level of development according to the UN due to its high level of literacy and life expectancy quite high, while its" carbon footprint "is not great to be a country with low power consumption," he added Loh, who presented the study in Beijing.

In fact, the Latin American region in general appears be found closer to sustainability, as other countries such as Brazil and Mexico are close to the minimum necessary, address the situation in regions like Africa (with low energy but very underdeveloped) or Europe, where the given versa.

"I do not know exactly why this is done (the good situation of Latin America), but you can give an account that is where people seem happier, and perhaps due to a better balance between development and environment "said study author.

Despite the good vibrations transmitted by the Latin bloc, the overall picture painted by the WWF report is daunting: for example, the number of species of vertebrate animals has declined by 30 percent in the last 33 years.

The footprint of man is such that "resources are consumed in a very fast, which prevents the reclaimed land," said WWF Director General James Leape, who also participated in the presentation of the report in Beijing.

The "ecological footprint" of man, their consumption of resources according WWF has tripled between 1961 and 2003, so that humans and impact on the planet by 25 percent more than the natural regenerative process Earth can support.

There is also a worsening of the situation, despite efforts like the Kyoto Protocol to try to fix it: in the previous WWF report, published in 2004, the impact of man surpassed 21 percent of the planet's regenerative capacity.

The new report by the organization placed on the "blacklist" of countries with high per capita consumption of energy and resources to United Arab Emirates, USA, Finland, Canada, Kuwait, Australia, Estonia, Sweden, New Zealand and Norway.

The fact that the report was filed in China shows the importance given to WWF Asian economic future, because the way you choose to develop "is key to the global progress towards sustainable development."

Although China is, for example the second largest emitter of polluting gases, due to its large population, its ecological footprint per capita is, as in the case of India, very low compared to First World countries.

expert Yi Jiang, Peking University, Tsinghua, said at the ceremony held in Beijing that one of the keys to improving resource and energy consumption in China is "developing a rural energy balance" and investigate alternatives heating and air conditioning for Chinese homes.

The issue is not trivial in a country where, with high summer temperatures, air conditioners cause enormous deficits energy and power outages in most developed areas in China, especially in the Yangtze River Delta.